Animals That Look Like Beavers in Indiana

Animals That Look Like Beavers in Indiana

Thirty-seven species of mammals have been identified at Indiana Dunes National Park. Four other species are thought to inhabit the park, but have not been documented: the northern long-eared myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), the Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), the hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), and the southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi)

Common mammals seen by visitors and residents include the eastern cottontail, the eastern fox squirrel, the white-footed mouse, the white-tailed deer, and the meadow vole. Extirpated mammals include the common porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), the gray wolf (Canis lupus), the reddish wolf (Canis rufus), the black carry (Ursus americanus), the fisher (Pekania pennanti), the cougar (Puma concolor), the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), the bobcat (Lynx rufus), the elk (Cervus canadensis), and the American bison (Bison bison). There are 2 threatened or endangered species in the dunes. The American badger (Taxidea taxus), on the Indiana threatened list is known to inhabit the area. The Indiana bat (Myotis indiana), on the federal endangered listing is presumed to inhabit areas of the dunes. ^[1] Contempo records, documented photographically, point that Northward American river otter (Lontra canadensis) and bobcat (Lynx rufus) began returning to the expanse in 2011 and 2022, respectively.

List of mammals documented in the Dunes [ edit ]

	Common name	Latin Proper noun	Locations
1	Marsupial	(Gild Didelphimorphia)
	Virginia opossum	Didelphis virginiana	Miller Woods, Dune Park, [2] [iii] and Portage Lakefront [iv]
v	Insectivores	Order Insectivora
	Masked shrew	Sorex cinereus	Miller Woods [2] and Portage Lakefront [4]
	Northern brusk-tailed shrew [two]	Blarina brevicauda
	To the lowest degree shrew	Cryptotis parva
	Eastern mole [three]	Scalopus aquaticus	Millerwoods, [2] and Portage Lakefront [4]
	brusk-tailed shrew	Blarina brevicauda	interdunal ponds, the pines, [3] and Portage Lakefront [iv]
v	Bats	Club Chiroptera
	Little brown bat	Myotis lucifugus	Portage Lakefront [4]
	Eastern red bat	Lasiurus borealis
	Silver-haired bat	Lasionycteris noctivagans
	Large brown bat	Eptesicus fuscus
	Ruby-red bat [3]	Nycteris borealis
i	Lagomorphs	Order Lagomorpha
	Eastern cottontail	Sylvilagus floridanus	Millerwoods [ii] and Portage Lakefront [4]
xviii	Rodents	Order Rodentia
	Eastern chipmunk	Tamias striatus
	Woodchuck	Marmota monax
	Thirteen-lined basis squirrel	Spermophilus tridecemlineatus	Millerwoods [ii] and Portage Lakefront [4]
	Eastern gray squirrel [2]	Sciurus carolinensis	Millerwoods [two] and Portage Lakefront [four]
	Eastern fox squirrel	Sciurus niger	Millerwoods [two] and Portage Lakefront [4]
	American red squirrel	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus	Millerwoods [ii] and Portage Lakefront [4]
	Southern flying squirrel	Glaucomys volans
	American beaver	Castor canadensis
	White-footed mouse [ii]	Peromyscus leucopus	Millerwoods [ii] and Portage Lakefront [4]
	Northern deer mouse [3]	Peromyscus leucopus noveboracenis
	Prairie deer mouse	Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii	Portage Lakefront [iv]
	Brown rat	Rattus norvegicus
	House mouse	Mus musculus
	Prairie vole [3]	Microtus ochrogaster
	Meadow vole	Microtus pennsylvanicus	Millerwoods [2] and Portage Lakefront [four]
	Woodland vole	Microtus pinetorum	Portage Lakefront [four]
	Common muskrat	Ondatra zibethicus	Millerwoods [2] and Portage Lakefront [4]
	Meadow jumping mouse	Zapus hudsonius
9	Carnivores	Order Carnivora
	Bobcat	Lynx rufus
	North American river otter [iii]	Lontra Canadensis
	Coyote	Canis latrans [3]
	Carmine fox [three]	Vulpes vulpes	Dunes
	Common grayness fox	Urocyon cinereoargenteus
	Common raccoon [3]	Procyon lotor	dunes, Millerwoods, [2] and Portage Lakefront [four]
	Long-tailed weasel	Neogale frenata	Portage Lakefront [four]
	To the lowest degree weasel [2]	Mustela nivalis
	American mink [3]	Neogale vison	near water, and Portage Lakefront [4]
	American annoy	Taxidea taxus
	Striped skunk [3]	Mephitis mephitis	Portage Lakefront [iv]
ane	Artiodactyls	Order Artiodactyla
	White-tailed deer	Odocoileus virginianus	Millerwoods [2] and Portage Lakefront [4]

Habitats [ edit ]

While this article breaks out mammal communities past habitats, one of the bug you'll encounter in the Dunes community is that the habitats are in flux. Razed Residential areas are slowly returning to the habitat of the surrounding expanse, whether that is a wetland hummock, or a savanna. At Mount Baldy forested areas are becoming open sand. While the procedure may have years, an area that once hosted a customs of plants and animals may change in your lifetime.

Barren ground [ edit ]

Barren footing consists of open sand on the beaches and blowouts. Barren grounds are almost four% of the dunes areas and occur more often than not along the beaches. Because of the scarcity of plants there are no permanent mammals living in the area. The normal process is for animals hunt on the embankment at dark. Some animals volition live in the scattered clumps of plants that may remain or return to the blowouts. Bear witness of animals in the arid areas is commonly washed through their tracks. Animals appear to go to the embankment to feed and/or drink. In the blowouts, show of mammals is found near the clumps of grass (marrain grass and body of water rocket). ^[5]

Species found
Beaches: Virginia opossum, raccoon, and prairie deer mice and white-tailed deer. Blowouts: masked shrew, prairie vole, and meadow voles. ^[v]

Prairie [ edit ]

About 4.four% of the surface area of the dunes is prairie. Three-fourths of that is dry out prairie, the remainder is wet prairie. ^[6]

Dry prairie [ edit ]

Dry out prairie primarily is along the front of dunes. It is easily identified by open sand with stands of marram grass and sand reed. The increased found life over the barren sand provides shelter for small mammals. Footling bluestem grass may be mixed in or it may form dense clumps among the dunes. The plots with lilliputian bluestem grass often had a greater variety of constitute species, especially when abroad from the lakeshore. ^[vi]

Species found

• Marram grass, sand reed, little bluesteam dominated prairie:

Prairie deer mice, white-footed mice, meadow voles, thirteen-lined footing squirrels, northern brusque-tailed shrews, and eastern cottontails. The prairie mice are the just pocket-sized mammal that increase in numbers with less plant cover. Voles thrive merely with skilful establish cover. When short-tailed shrews apply dry prairies only where they abut wetter areas.

• Marram grass, and sand reed merely prairie:

Prairie deer mice, white-footed mice, prairie voles, footing squirrels, eastern cottontails, and northern curt-tailed shrew.

• Little bluestem grass dominant areas

Prairie deer mice, white-footed mice, northern curt-tailed shrews, thirteen-lined ground squirrels, and eastern cottontail. ^[6]

Signs plant
eastern cottontail, the reddish fox, white-tailed deer, domestic dog and the long-tailed weasel. Sign have been seen that may exist the southern bog lemming, simply no animal itself has been found to confirm its presence. The bog lemming stays pretty much in bogs or wet areas. It does have a broad range of habitats around wetland areas. The thirteen-lined basis squirrel stays mostly in mowed areas, i.eastward., lawns, pastures, and roadsides. There discovery may indicate that they lived in the dry prairie before settlement created artificially maintained (mowed) spaces. ^[vi]

Moisture prairie [ edit ]

Shrub layer with of willow, aspen, and oak. Some of the major grasses were reed canary grass and blueish joint grass. Cattails and rushes were also dominant in some areas. Cover ranged from animals existence able to hide in clumps animals able to motility near without being seen.

Species found
The masked shrew was most prominent. Meadow vole had been seen along the border of wet areas at Hoosier Prairie. The white-footed mouse and the northern curt-tailed shrew also in abundance. Other mammals were prairie deer mice, common raccoons, meadow vole, and meadow jumping mouse. Sign of the eastern mole, the woodchuck, the common raccoon and the white-tailed deer were seen. ^[6]

Terrestrial shrubland [ edit ]

No major terrestrial shrubland exists at the lakeshore. Instead, there is a shrubby surface area between the grass-covered dunes and the forested dunes. They consist of saplings of oaks, conifers, basswood; other trees presently to populate; and sometimes other species such equally grape, ruddy, and bearberry. ^[vii]

Lowland terrestrial shrubland [ edit ]

This habitat may be willow thickets, red maple thicket or an aspen thicket. Some are former sand mines which are returning as dry prairie, including clumps of little bluestem grass or scarlet osier dogwood.

Species establish
No species of mammals were dominant or fifty-fifty arable in this habitat. Mammals found include white-footed mice, northern brusk-tailed shrews, thirteen-lined ground squirrels, Virginia opossums, common raccoons, woodchuck, cherry-red squirrel, and meadow vole. Sign may be seen of eastern cottontail, white-tailed deer, and the eastern mole. The employ of this expanse is transitory as the area habitat is transitory. ^[seven]

Upland terrestrial shrubland [ edit ]

Upland terrestrial shrubland are disturbed areas between grassy one-time field or savanna and wooded habitats.

Species found
The meadow voles and shrews reflect the sometime fields rather than the electric current shrubs. In the woody vegetation there is a range of animals from small to large including meadow voles, brusque-tailed shrews, white-footed mice, raccoons, masked shrew. prairie deer mouse, prairie vole, and meadow jumping mouse. Signs of white-tailed deer, eastern cottontail, eastern chipmunk, eastern play tricks squirrel, domestic dog, and red pull a fast one on were found. ^[seven]

Savanna [ edit ]

The lakeshore includes three types of savanna. Oak savanna constitutes about iii% of the area, coniferous savanna virtually 0,196, and mixed deciduous savanna about ane.0%. ^[seven]

Oak savanna [ edit ]

Oak savannas are grassy areas with a scattering of blackness oaks. These areas class blackness oak forest. It is often difficult to decide between blackness oak wood and black oak savanna. The oak forest has a canopy of pure black oak. The understory is varied. Common shrubs in the understory include: oak saplings, blackberry, blueberry, rose, and Japanese honeysuckle. Common herbs in the understory include major grasses or sedges. Bracken fern and goldenrod are occasionally significant.

Species establish
The white-footed mouse was the most arable mammal found. The prairie deer mice occur in the sparsely vegetated and dry out areas. The white-footed mouse is primarily in the woods but lives in a multifariousness of habitats. Savanna is primarily a thinly wooded habitat that tends to favor the white-footed mouse over the prairie deer mouse. The prairie deer mouse prefer areas where the awning is thinner and when the undergrowth is sparse. Additionally, this habitat included: masked shrews, thirteen-lined basis squirrels, eastern chipmunks, southern flying squirrel, and the common raccoon. Seen in the oak savanna were the white-tailed deer; eastern mole, woodchuck, and eastern fox squirrel; eastern cottontail, eastern chipmunk, and red fox; and eastern gray squirrel. ^[7]

Coniferous savanna [ edit ]

Little coniferous savanna occurs in a narrow ring betwixt the grassy dunes and the black oak dunes. There is a layer of jack pine and a few black oaks. The shrub layer is very dense, forming fair to fantabulous cover. Bearberry and footling bluestem grass are the dominant plants.

Species found
The white-footed mouse was the abundant. Virginia opossum, thirteen-lined footing squirrel, muskrat, and white-tailed deer, eastern cottontail, prairie deer mouse, meadow vole, red fox, and raccoon identified.

The white-footed mouse was favored in wooded surface area. The prairie deer mouse was found in open up areas. Meadow voles and muskrats were found in moist areas with heavy cover and along interdunal ponds. The thirteen-lined ground squirrel and the prairie deer mouse were found in dry, open areas.

Mixed deciduous savanna [ edit ]

The mixed deciduous savannas accept scattered eastern cottonwoods with little bluestem grass. Other grasses were old witch grass and brome grass. Shrubs included grape, sumac, and bearberry and others. This savanna had a lot of embrace for small-scale animals.

Species found
The white-footed mouse was plentiful with northern short-tailed shrews, prairie deer mouse, meadow voles, and raccoons. ^[viii]

Upland forest [ edit ]

Upland wood is the virtually extensive habitat along the lake. It is divided between upland oak forest mixed deciduous forest, and coniferous forest. ^[9]

Upland oak forest [ edit ]

Oak forest graded into oak savanna, and together the two habitats made upward a major proportion of the expanse of the lakeshore. Black oak predominates on the higher drier areas and scarlet oak in the lower interdunal areas of the many rows of oak dunes at the lakeshore. 8 plots were included in upland oak woods. Vegetation was studied in half-dozen of the 8 plots. One was predominantly cerise oak. Black oak was dominant in the remainder. Black oak forest consisted primarily of rather low scrubby black oaks, with relatively little undergrowth. The shrub layer was ofttimes dense and various in this habitat, ofttimes containing black oak sprouts and huckleberry. The herbaceous layer was oft various, it most often provided poor to fair cover. The dominant herbaceous plants were almost often Pennsylvania sedge and bracken fern.

Species found
The white-footed mouse, northern short-tailed shrews, two eastern gray squirrels, eastern chipmunk, and southern flying squirrel. Sign may be seen of white-tailed deer; eastern chipmunk and eastern fox squirrel, eastern mole, eastern gray squirrel, grayness pull a fast one on, long-tailed weasel, and eastern skunk.

Upland coniferous forest [ edit ]

Conifers are brusque lived in the dunes. They exist briefly in the shrub stage before the oak forest moves in.

Species establish
The white-footed mouse, northern brusque-tailed shrews, eastern gray squirrels, eastern chipmunk, and a southern flying squirrel. Signs were seen for white-tailed deer were recorded in iii plots; eastern chipmunk and eastern fob squirrel and eastern mole, eastern gray squirrel, gray trick, long-tailed weasel, and eastern raccoons, and eastern cottontail.

Upland mixed deciduous forest [ edit ]

The upland mixed deciduous forest is dominated buy oaks (blackness, cherry-red, white, and pin) and maples, (ruddy and silver). Some areas are beech-maple wood. Ruddy, ash, and elm boss in a few areas. The shrubs most prevalent are witch hazel, Japanese honeysuckle, blueberry, spicebush, and saplings of several tree species. The ground cover tin exist sparse or dense.

Species constitute
The nigh arable species is the white-footed mouse. Other mammals found include, the common raccoon, northern short-tailed shrews, Virginia opossum, meadow vole, woodchuck, red squirrel, eastern mole, eastern play a joke on squirrel, and the white-tailed deer ^[10]

Lowland forest [ edit ]

Ephemeral lowland forest [ edit ]

Ephemeral lowlands have a dumbo leaf cover of many different species. Silver or carmine maple are common with oak and ash, aspen and sassafras present. The shrubs may be closely packed or providing an open sparse cover. Spicebush is common. Numerous seedlings of the copse are nowadays. ^[11]

Species found
white-footed mice, northern curt-tailed shrews, eastern chipmunks, common raccoons, long-tailed weasels, ruby-red squirrels, masked shrew, eastern cottontail, meadow vole, woodchuck, white-tailed deer; eastern mole and eastern cottontail. ^[xi]

Perennial lowland wood [ edit ]

These forest retains h2o for 6 or more months each year. Vegetation varies greatly in this habitat. Maple are a dominant tree followed by pin oak, black oak, aspen, elm, birch and wild black cherry. These trees are common in the shrub layer, along with others, including blueberries and winterberry. The herb layer varies with graminoids and ferns. The herb and shrub layers were often clumped in hummocks.

Species found

The white-footed mouse is very mutual with raccoons; northern short-tailed shrews; eastern chipmunks; Virginia opossum, masked shrew, meadow vole, woodchuck, and eastern pull a fast one on squirrel. White-tailed deer and chipmunks are also found. There is bear witness of red squirrels, eastern moles, domestic dog, eastern cottontail, meadow vole, woodchuck, and meadow vole.

The star-nosed mole may be present from bear witness of burrows. The westernmost site recorded for the star-nosed mole is at Trail Creek at the southern edge of Michigan City just east of the park. Shrews may exist more than prevalent than the 1988 study found due to the dry conditions that year. ^[11]

Wetlands [ edit ]

A diversity of wetlands exists through the dune lands. Nigh wetlands are marsh, then aquatic shrub land, swamp, and bog. ^[12]

Marsh [ edit ]

Marsh habitat includes the Great Marsh. Many muskrats occur in here marshes, Much of the marsh is cattail, with bulrushes, sedges, and sometimes buttonbush. Cowles Bog is a marsh rather than a bog because cattail is the dominant plant. However, it has a floating mat of vegetation typical of a bogs, and information technology does have some typical bog species grass of Parnassus and pitcher establish. This is very petty canopy with some scattered willows or elms. The shrub layer consisted of thick buttonbush, willow, or Ribes. The herb layer was often cattail, sedges, or blueish joint grass, with occasional false nettle.

Species found
3 species were of most equal importance-the masked shrew, the white-footed mouse, and the meadow vole. The side by side virtually common are the northern short-tailed shrew, the raccoon, and the white-tailed deer. Other species include the eastern cottontail, the eastern chipmunk, the meadow vole, woodchuck, the prairie vole, the common muskrat, and the long-tailed weasel. The muskrat is a major species in the marshes, lakes, and ditches almost open h2o. ^[12]

Aquatic shrublands [ edit ]

There is little canopy in the aquatic shrub lands and what lilliputian at that place is consist of oak. The shrub layer is aspen, willow, or oak. The herb layer is blueish articulation grass or cattails.

Species found
The northern brusque tailed shrew, the white-footed mouse, and the meadow vole were the mammals most widespread in this habitat. The meadow jumping mouse was the largest unmarried species. The eastern cottontail, the prairie vole, the common raccoon, and the white-tailed deer are present. ^[12]

Swamp [ edit ]

A very small-scale portion of the lakeshore is swamp, about i%. The woody canopy is a mix of eastern cottonwood or black willow. Willow ascendant the lower layer with blackberry or grape vine. These surface area have thick ground cover was of blue joint grass, sedges, and cattails.

Species establish

Much of the swamp habitat is water. Of the smaller animals, meadow voles were constitute and and then were white-footed mice. Likewise plant were common raccoons and pull a fast one on squirrels. During this survey, signs of the eastern cottontail were constitute. In some other survey by J. 0. Whitaker and R. E. Mumford in the fall of 1978 the swamp areas were found to be populated by masked shrews, white-footed mice, and northern short-tailed shrews. Based on the two surveys done in the swamps, the researchers suspect that the shrew population has been dropping between 1978 and 1994. ^[12]

Bogs [ edit ]

Pinhook Bog and Cowles Bog are both acidic and calcareous with poor drainage. At that place is a mats of Sphagnum over parts of the bogs. Typical plants include pitcher plants, sundew, cotton grass, and poison sumac. Shrubby areas, chosen heaths include leatherleaf, blueberries, bog rosemary, and cranberries. The perimeter is dominated by tamarack.

Pinhook Bog is a typical bog and used in the concluding study of mammals. Two areas were study; 1 was atypical for a bog and the other more than typical. In the atypical plot, the dominant found in the awning was willow. The shrub layer included buttonbush, winterberry, poison ivy, wild rose. The dominant grasses were blue joint grass and smartweed --- h2o heartsease (Polygonurn coccineum). The typical plot had a canopy of tamarack and some pines and willows. In the shrub layer were bog rosemary, leatherleaf, blueberry, and huckleberry. The lowest layer, the herb layer was dominated past independent sphagnum, sedges, and pitcher plant.

Species found
The white-footed mouse was the but mammal taken in more than than one study area. Other species include northern short-tailed shrews, one eastern cottontail, eastern chipmunk, and mutual raccoon. In 1978, 70 small-scale mammals were identified, including masked shrews, northern short-tailed shrews, white-footed mice, meadow jumping mice, meadow voles, and house mice. In 1994, there were no masked shrews in Pinhook. The house mouse while abundant effectually cultivated fields it is not normally caught in native habitats. ^[12]

Pannes [ edit ]

Between the dune ridges, direct behind the beach front dunes are shallow depressions called pannes. Because they are low spots, they can contain water most of the twelvemonth and will exist surrounded by grass and shrubs. Pannes are open up and without a awning layer. Around the edges is a dense shrub layer, often containing ruby osier dogwood, willow, and Kalm'due south St. John's wort. The herb layer, closest to the ground tends to be fantabulous cover through summer and autumn. Included in this layer are twig rush, and lake shore rush, strawberry, mountain mint and others.

Species found
Meadow vole was the only regularly occurring species white-footed mice and prairie deer mice were also identified. While both of these species were plant in pannes, they were never establish in the same panne. Larger species included the Virginia opossum and the northern curt-tailed shrew. ^[13]

Aquatic areas [ edit ]

This section is empty. Y'all can assist by adding to information technology. (July 2010)

Developed areas [ edit ]

Agronomical field; old field [ edit ]

Pino plantations [ edit ]

Razed residential [ edit ]

Razed Residential areas have sparse canopy of eastern cottonwood with some maple, elm, ash, and others. The shrub layer is thin merely consist of eastern cottonwood, ash, and willow seedlings, wild and multiflora rose, Japanese honeysuckle, blackberry, grape, and red osier dogwood. The herb layer is fair to excellent embrace of grasses, goldenrods, and asters. In that location is no well-developed mammal community.

Species establish
The white-footed mouse was the virtually mutual mammal present. Other mammals include the raccoon, northern short-tailed shrew, eastern mole, meadow vole, woodchuck, eastern fox squirrel, striped skunk, and white-tailed deer. ^[14]

Rights-of-way [ edit ]

Rights-of-way include areas along roads, railroads, or bike trails. Various types of habitats may exist disturbed past a right-of-fashion. Disturbed moisture woodland tend to accept a quaking aspen canopy and blackberry as the shrub layer. Blue joint grass and touch-me-not. (Impatiens) are the ascendant herbaceous plants. There is seldom a canopy layer on Rights-of-ways. The shrub layer ranges from sparse to thick simply is sparse in well-nigh right-of-ways. Blackberries are a ascendant shrub with rose, grapes, Japanese honeysuckle, Spiraea, and shining sumac dominant in some areas. Many herbaceous plants are present. Some dominant species are bluish joint grass, other grasses, and rushes. Other plants like marsh fern can be present.

Species found
The mammals of this habitat are the eastern cottontail and the white-tailed deer. Other mammals include the meadow vole, woodchuck and the prairie deer mouse. They are mutual in areas with the least amount of basis cover. Other species that may be found are the eastern mole, white-footed mouse, eastern trick squirrel, prairie vole, meadow vole, and meadow jumping mouse. ^[fourteen]

Excavated [ edit ]

Excavated areas were where open up sand existed because of human activities. Examples include former fly ash seepage and the site of an acrid spill. All sites lack a canopy and have poor cover with scattered grasses, including little bluestem grass, sand reed, and nodding wild rye. Other area may have Joe-Pye weed, bulrush, and spikerush.

Species establish
Few animals utilise this habitat, such every bit meadow voles and common raccoons. This is not a good habitat for mammals. Animals that may pass through include the Virginia opossum, the eastern mole, woodchuck, prairie deer mouse, red fox, and white-tailed deer. ^[14]

Encounter likewise [ edit ]

• Indiana Dunes National Park
• Indiana Dunes State Park

References [ edit ]

1. ^ Mammals of the Indiana Dunes; John O. Whitaker, Jr., John Gibble, & Eric Kjellmark; Scientific Monograph NPS/NRINDU/NRSM-94/24. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1994
2. ^ ^{a b c d due east f g h i j m l k n o p q} Ecology of Miller Woods, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore Research Program, Report 90-01; National Park Service, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore; Porter Indiana; 1990
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j chiliad l} Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 1921, Mammals of Porter Canton past Marcus W Lyon, Jr; Wm B. Burford Pub; Indianapolis, Indiana, 1922
4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j m l yard northward o p q r due south t} Ecology Assessment, Portage Lakefront Park, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore; National Park Service, May 2007
5. ^ ^{a b} Mammals of the Indiana Dunes; John O. Whitaker, Jr., John Gibble, & Eric Kjellmark; Scientific Monograph NPS/NRINDU/NRSM-94/24. The states Section of the Interior, National Park Service, 1994, page 16
6. ^ ^{a b c d e} Mammals of the Indiana Dunes; John O. Whitaker, Jr., John Gibble, & Eric Kjellmark; Scientific Monograph NPS/NRINDU/NRSM-94/24. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1994, page xviii
7. ^ ^{a b c d e} John O. Whitaker, Jr., John Gibble, & Eric Kjellmark; Scientific Monograph NPS/NRINDU/NRSM-94/24. United states of america Department of the Interior, National Park Service (1994). Mammals of the Indiana Dunes . p. 25. {{cite volume}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
8. ^ Mammals of the Indiana Dunes; John O. Whitaker, Jr., John Gibble, & Eric Kjellmark; Scientific Monograph NPS/NRINDU/NRSM-94/24. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1994, page 34
9. ^ Mammals of the Indiana Dunes; John O. Whitaker, Jr., John Gibble, & Eric Kjellmark; Scientific Monograph NPS/NRINDU/NRSM-94/24. United states of america Section of the Interior, National Park Service, 1994, page 36
10. ^ Mammals of the Indiana Dunes; John O. Whitaker, Jr., John Gibble, & Eric Kjellmark; Scientific Monograph NPS/NRINDU/NRSM-94/24. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1994, folio 40
11. ^ ^{a b c} Mammals of the Indiana Dunes; John O. Whitaker, Jr., John Gibble, & Eric Kjellmark; Scientific Monograph NPS/NRINDU/NRSM-94/24. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1994, page 42
12. ^ ^{a b c d eastward} Mammals of the Indiana Dunes; John O. Whitaker, Jr., John Gibble, & Eric Kjellmark; Scientific Monograph NPS/NRINDU/NRSM-94/24. The states Section of the Interior, National Park Service, 1994 folio 45
13. ^ Mammals of the Indiana Dunes; John O. Whitaker, Jr., John Gibble, & Eric Kjellmark; Scientific Monograph NPS/NRINDU/NRSM-94/24. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1994 page 51
14. ^ ^{a b c} Mammals of the Indiana Dunes; John O. Whitaker, Jr., John Gibble, & Eric Kjellmark; Scientific Monograph NPS/NRINDU/NRSM-94/24. United states Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1994 page 65

Coordinates: 41°38′53″North 87°06′29″W  /  41.648056°N 87.108056°W  / 41.648056; -87.108056

Animals That Look Like Beavers in Indiana

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammals_of_the_Indiana_Dunes